Installation

GraphQLite is a SQLite extension that adds Cypher graph query support. It can be used from Python, Rust, the command line, or any language that can load SQLite extensions.

Python (Recommended)

Install from PyPI:

pip install graphqlite

This installs pre-built binaries for:

• macOS (arm64, x86_64)
• Linux (x86_64, aarch64)
• Windows (x86_64)

Optional Dependencies

The Leiden community detection algorithm requires graspologic:

pip install graphqlite[leiden]

For rustworkx-powered graph export:

pip install graphqlite[rustworkx]

Install everything:

pip install graphqlite[leiden,rustworkx]

Rust

Add to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
graphqlite = "0.3"

The bundled-extension feature is enabled by default. It bundles the compiled extension directly into your binary so no separate .so/.dylib file is needed at runtime:

[dependencies]
graphqlite = { version = "0.3", features = ["bundled-extension"] }

To use an external extension at runtime instead, disable the default features:

[dependencies]
graphqlite = { version = "0.3", default-features = false }

From Source

Building from source produces the raw extension file you can load into any SQLite environment.

Prerequisites

Tool	Minimum Version	Purpose
GCC or Clang	9+	C compiler
Bison	3.0+	Parser generator
Flex	2.6+	Lexer generator
SQLite development headers	3.35+	SQLite API
CUnit	2.1+	Unit tests (optional)

macOS

brew install bison flex sqlite cunit
export PATH="$(brew --prefix bison)/bin:$PATH"
git clone https://github.com/colliery-io/graphqlite
cd graphqlite
make extension

Homebrew installs a newer Bison than the one shipped with macOS. The PATH export ensures the build system picks up the correct version.

Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)

sudo apt-get install build-essential bison flex libsqlite3-dev libcunit1-dev
git clone https://github.com/colliery-io/graphqlite
cd graphqlite
make extension

Windows (MSYS2)

pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc mingw-w64-x86_64-sqlite3 bison flex make
git clone https://github.com/colliery-io/graphqlite
cd graphqlite
make extension

Debug vs. Release Build

The default build includes debug symbols and assertions. For a release build:

make extension RELEASE=1

Release builds enable -O2 optimization and strip assertions. Use them for production deployments.

Output Files

After building, the extension appears in build/:

Platform	File
macOS	build/graphqlite.dylib
Linux	build/graphqlite.so
Windows	build/graphqlite.dll

See Building from Source for the full list of build targets and how to run tests.

Verifying Installation

Python

import graphqlite

# Check version
print(graphqlite.__version__)

# Quick smoke test
from graphqlite import Graph

g = Graph(":memory:")
g.upsert_node("alice", {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}, label="Person")
g.upsert_node("bob", {"name": "Bob", "age": 25}, label="Person")
g.upsert_edge("alice", "bob", {"since": 2020}, rel_type="KNOWS")

print(g.stats())          # {'nodes': 2, 'edges': 1}
print(g.query("MATCH (n:Person) RETURN n.name ORDER BY n.name"))

Rust

use graphqlite::Connection;

fn main() -> graphqlite::Result<()> {
    let conn = Connection::open_in_memory()?;
    conn.cypher("CREATE (n:Person {name: 'Alice'})")?;
    let rows = conn.cypher("MATCH (n:Person) RETURN n.name")?;
    for row in &rows {
        println!("{}", row.get::<String>("n.name")?);
    }
    Ok(())
}

SQL (raw SQLite)

sqlite3
.load /path/to/build/graphqlite
SELECT cypher('RETURN 1 + 1 AS result');
SELECT cypher('CREATE (n:Test {value: 42})');
SELECT cypher('MATCH (n:Test) RETURN n.value');

Extension Path Configuration

When GraphQLite cannot find the extension automatically, specify the path explicitly.

Environment Variable

Set GRAPHQLITE_EXTENSION_PATH before running your application:

export GRAPHQLITE_EXTENSION_PATH=/path/to/build/graphqlite.dylib
python my_app.py

This works for Python, the CLI (gqlite), and any program that reads environment variables before loading the extension.

Python: Explicit Path

from graphqlite import connect, Graph, GraphManager

# connect()
conn = connect("graph.db", extension_path="/path/to/graphqlite.dylib")

# Graph()
g = Graph("graph.db", extension_path="/path/to/graphqlite.dylib")

# GraphManager / graphs()
from graphqlite import graphs
with graphs("./data", extension_path="/path/to/graphqlite.dylib") as gm:
    social = gm.open_or_create("social")

Finding the Bundled Path

When using the Python package, GraphQLite ships a bundled extension. Get its path:

import graphqlite

path = graphqlite.loadable_path()
print(path)  # e.g. /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/graphqlite/graphqlite.dylib

You can pass this path to other tools or languages that need to load the extension manually.

Platform Notes

macOS

• The extension is a Mach-O shared library with the .dylib suffix.

• If you see Library not loaded errors, ensure you are using Homebrew’s SQLite rather than the system SQLite:

  export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(brew --prefix sqlite)/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH"

• Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3) and Intel builds are separate; PyPI ships a universal wheel containing both.

Linux

• The extension is an ELF shared object with the .so suffix.
• Make sure libsqlite3 is installed at runtime (not just libsqlite3-dev).
• On musl-based systems (Alpine Linux), build from source.

Windows

• The extension is a DLL with the .dll suffix.
• Load it with the full path: .load C:/path/to/graphqlite.
• MSYS2 or WSL are the supported build environments.

Troubleshooting

Extension not found (Python)

FileNotFoundError: GraphQLite extension not found

Either the package was installed without wheels for your platform, or the environment variable points to the wrong file. Try:

import graphqlite
print(graphqlite.loadable_path())  # See where Python looks

Then set GRAPHQLITE_EXTENSION_PATH or pass extension_path explicitly.

Python sqlite3 extension support disabled

Some Python distributions compile sqlite3 without extension loading support (e.g., certain Docker images):

AttributeError: 'sqlite3.Connection' object has no attribute 'enable_load_extension'

Rebuild Python from source with --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions, or switch to a distribution that includes it (standard CPython builds from python.org do support it).

Version mismatch

If you see unexpected query errors after upgrading, ensure the Python package and the loaded extension are from the same version:

import graphqlite
print(graphqlite.__version__)   # Python package version

When building from source for use with the Rust crate, run make install-bundled after make extension to replace the bundled binary in the Rust crate’s source tree.

SQLite version too old

GraphQLite requires SQLite 3.35 or later for JSON function support. Check your SQLite version:

import sqlite3
print(sqlite3.sqlite_version)  # Should be 3.35.0 or higher