Cypher Functions

Every function available in GraphQLite Cypher queries, organized by category.

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String Functions

Signature	Returns	Description
toUpper(s)	String	Convert to uppercase
toLower(s)	String	Convert to lowercase
trim(s)	String	Remove leading and trailing whitespace
ltrim(s)	String	Remove leading whitespace
rtrim(s)	String	Remove trailing whitespace
btrim(s)	String	Remove leading and trailing whitespace (alias of trim)
substring(s, start)	String	Substring from start (0-based) to end
substring(s, start, len)	String	Substring of length len from start
replace(s, search, replacement)	String	Replace all occurrences of search with replacement
reverse(s)	String	Reverse characters
left(s, n)	String	First n characters
right(s, n)	String	Last n characters
split(s, delimiter)	List<String>	Split string into list of substrings
toString(val)	String	Convert any value to its string representation
size(s)	Integer	Number of characters in string
isEmpty(s)	Boolean	true if string has length zero or is null
char_length(s)	Integer	Number of characters (alias of size)
character_length(s)	Integer	Number of characters (alias of size)

Examples

RETURN toUpper('hello')           -- 'HELLO'
RETURN substring('abcdef', 2, 3)  -- 'cde'
RETURN split('a,b,c', ',')        -- ['a', 'b', 'c']
RETURN left('abcdef', 3)          -- 'abc'

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Math Functions

Signature	Returns	Description
abs(n)	Number	Absolute value
ceil(n)	Integer	Ceiling (smallest integer >= n)
floor(n)	Integer	Floor (largest integer <= n)
round(n)	Integer	Round to nearest integer
round(n, precision)	Float	Round to precision decimal places
sqrt(n)	Float	Square root
sign(n)	Integer	-1, 0, or 1
log(n)	Float	Natural logarithm
log10(n)	Float	Base-10 logarithm
exp(n)	Float	e raised to the power n
e()	Float	Euler’s number (2.718…)
pi()	Float	Pi (3.141…)
rand()	Float	Random float in [0, 1)
toInteger(val)	Integer	Convert to integer; null on failure
toFloat(val)	Float	Convert to float; null on failure

Examples

RETURN abs(-5)          -- 5
RETURN round(3.567, 2)  -- 3.57
RETURN sqrt(16)         -- 4.0
RETURN rand()           -- e.g. 0.7341...

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Trigonometric Functions

Signature	Returns	Description
sin(n)	Float	Sine (radians)
cos(n)	Float	Cosine (radians)
tan(n)	Float	Tangent (radians)
asin(n)	Float	Arcsine; result in radians
acos(n)	Float	Arccosine; result in radians
atan(n)	Float	Arctangent; result in radians
atan2(y, x)	Float	Two-argument arctangent
degrees(n)	Float	Radians to degrees
radians(n)	Float	Degrees to radians
cot(n)	Float	Cotangent
haversin(n)	Float	Half the versine of n
sinh(n)	Float	Hyperbolic sine
cosh(n)	Float	Hyperbolic cosine
tanh(n)	Float	Hyperbolic tangent
coth(n)	Float	Hyperbolic cotangent
isNaN(n)	Boolean	true if n is NaN

Examples

RETURN degrees(pi())   -- 180.0
RETURN atan2(1.0, 1.0) -- 0.7853...

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List Functions

Signature	Returns	Description
size(list)	Integer	Number of elements
head(list)	Any	First element; null if empty
tail(list)	List	All elements except the first; empty list if input has 0 or 1 elements
last(list)	Any	Last element; null if empty
range(start, end)	List<Integer>	Inclusive integer range with step 1
range(start, end, step)	List<Integer>	Inclusive integer range with given step
collect(expr)	List	Aggregate: collect non-null values into a list
keys(node_or_map)	List<String>	Property key names of a node, relationship, or map
reduce(acc = init, x IN list | expr)	Any	Fold list into single value
[expr FOR x IN list]	List	List comprehension without filter
[expr FOR x IN list WHERE cond]	List	List comprehension with filter

Examples

RETURN range(1, 5)                          -- [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
RETURN range(0, 10, 2)                      -- [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
RETURN head([1, 2, 3])                      -- 1
RETURN tail([1, 2, 3])                      -- [2, 3]
RETURN reduce(total = 0, x IN [1,2,3] | total + x) -- 6
RETURN [x * 2 FOR x IN [1,2,3] WHERE x > 1]        -- [4, 6]

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Aggregation Functions

Aggregation functions collapse multiple rows into one. They are valid in RETURN and WITH.

Signature	Returns	Description
count(expr)	Integer	Count of non-null values
count(*)	Integer	Count of rows
sum(expr)	Number	Sum of numeric values
avg(expr)	Float	Arithmetic mean of numeric values
min(expr)	Any	Minimum value
max(expr)	Any	Maximum value
collect(expr)	List	List of non-null values
stdev(expr)	Float	Sample standard deviation
stdevp(expr)	Float	Population standard deviation

Examples

MATCH (n:Person) RETURN count(n), avg(n.age), collect(n.name)
MATCH (n:Person) RETURN count(*) AS total

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Entity Functions

Signature	Returns	Description
id(entity)	Integer	Internal numeric ID of a node or relationship
elementId(entity)	String	String form of internal ID
labels(node)	List<String>	All labels of a node
type(rel)	String	Relationship type name
properties(entity)	Map	All properties as a map
startNode(rel)	Node	Source node of a relationship
endNode(rel)	Node	Target node of a relationship
nodes(path)	List<Node>	Ordered list of nodes in a path
relationships(path)	List<Relationship>	Ordered list of relationships in a path
length(path)	Integer	Number of relationships in a path

Examples

MATCH (n:Person) RETURN id(n), labels(n)
MATCH ()-[r]->() RETURN type(r)
MATCH p = (a)-[*]->(b) RETURN length(p), nodes(p)

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Type Conversion Functions

Signature	Returns	Description
toString(val)	String	Convert to string; error on unconvertible types
toInteger(val)	Integer	Convert to integer; error on unconvertible types
toFloat(val)	Float	Convert to float; error on unconvertible types
toBoolean(val)	Boolean	Convert to boolean; error on unconvertible types
toStringOrNull(val)	String | null	Convert to string; null on failure
toIntegerOrNull(val)	Integer | null	Convert to integer; null on failure
toFloatOrNull(val)	Float | null	Convert to float; null on failure
toBooleanOrNull(val)	Boolean | null	Convert to boolean; null on failure
valueType(val)	String	Returns a string naming the Cypher type: "INTEGER", "FLOAT", "STRING", "BOOLEAN", "NULL", "LIST", "MAP", "NODE", "RELATIONSHIP", "PATH"

Examples

RETURN toInteger('42')         -- 42
RETURN toFloatOrNull('abc')    -- null
RETURN valueType(3.14)         -- 'FLOAT'
RETURN toBoolean('true')       -- true

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Temporal Functions

Signature	Returns	Description
date({year, month, day})	Date	Construct a date
time({hour, minute, second})	Time	Construct a time
datetime({year, month, day, hour, minute, second})	DateTime	Construct a datetime
localdatetime({year, month, day, hour, minute, second})	LocalDateTime	Construct a local datetime (no timezone)
duration({days, hours, minutes, seconds})	Duration	Construct a duration; all fields optional
datetime.fromepoch(seconds)	DateTime	DateTime from Unix epoch seconds
datetime.fromepochmillis(ms)	DateTime	DateTime from Unix epoch milliseconds
duration.inDays(d1, d2)	Duration	Duration between two dates in days
duration.inSeconds(d1, d2)	Duration	Duration between two datetimes in seconds
date.truncate(unit, date)	Date	Truncate date to unit: 'year', 'month', 'week', 'day'

Examples

RETURN date({year: 2024, month: 3, day: 15})
RETURN datetime.fromepoch(1700000000)
RETURN duration({days: 7, hours: 12})
RETURN date.truncate('month', date({year: 2024, month: 3, day: 15}))

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Spatial Functions

Signature	Returns	Description
point({x, y})	Point	2D Cartesian point
point({x, y, z})	Point	3D Cartesian point
point({latitude, longitude})	Point	2D geographic point (WGS-84)
point({latitude, longitude, height})	Point	3D geographic point (WGS-84)
distance(p1, p2)	Float	Distance between two points (meters for geographic, units for Cartesian)
point.withinBBox(point, lowerLeft, upperRight)	Boolean	true if point is inside bounding box

Examples

RETURN point({x: 1.0, y: 2.0})
RETURN distance(point({latitude: 48.8, longitude: 2.3}), point({latitude: 51.5, longitude: -0.1}))
RETURN point.withinBBox(
  point({x: 5, y: 5}),
  point({x: 0, y: 0}),
  point({x: 10, y: 10})
)  -- true

---

Predicate Functions

Signature	Returns	Description
exists(expr)	Boolean	true if the property or pattern exists and is not null
exists{pattern}	Boolean	true if the pattern matches at least one result (full pattern syntax)
coalesce(v1, v2, ...)	Any	First non-null argument; null if all arguments are null
nullIf(v1, v2)	Any | null	Returns null if v1 = v2; otherwise returns v1

Examples

MATCH (n:Person) WHERE exists(n.email) RETURN n.name
MATCH (n:Person) WHERE exists{(n)-[:KNOWS]->(:Person)} RETURN n.name
RETURN coalesce(null, null, 'default')   -- 'default'
RETURN nullIf(5, 5)                      -- null
RETURN nullIf(5, 6)                      -- 5

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CASE Expressions

Simple form

CASE expr
  WHEN value1 THEN result1
  WHEN value2 THEN result2
  ELSE default
END

Generic form

CASE
  WHEN condition1 THEN result1
  WHEN condition2 THEN result2
  ELSE default
END

ELSE is optional; omitting it returns null for unmatched rows.

Examples

MATCH (n:Person)
RETURN CASE n.role
  WHEN 'admin' THEN 'Administrator'
  WHEN 'mod'   THEN 'Moderator'
  ELSE 'User'
END AS roleLabel

MATCH (n:Person)
RETURN CASE
  WHEN n.age < 18 THEN 'minor'
  WHEN n.age < 65 THEN 'adult'
  ELSE 'senior'
END AS ageGroup

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Graph Algorithm Functions

Called inside Cypher queries using CALL syntax or inline. See Graph Algorithms for full parameter and return type documentation.

Signature	Description
pageRank([damping, iterations])	PageRank centrality
labelPropagation([iterations])	Label propagation community detection
louvain([resolution])	Louvain modularity community detection
dijkstra(source, target[, weight_property])	Weighted shortest path
astar(source, target[, lat_prop, lon_prop])	A* heuristic shortest path
degreeCentrality()	In/out/total degree per node
betweennessCentrality()	Betweenness centrality per node
closenessCentrality()	Closeness centrality per node
eigenvectorCentrality([iterations])	Eigenvector centrality per node
weaklyConnectedComponents()	WCC component assignment
stronglyConnectedComponents()	SCC component assignment
bfs(start[, max_depth])	Breadth-first traversal
dfs(start[, max_depth])	Depth-first traversal
nodeSimilarity([node1, node2, threshold, top_k])	Jaccard similarity
knn(node, k)	k-nearest neighbors by similarity
triangleCount()	Triangle count and clustering coefficient per node
apsp()	All-pairs shortest paths
shortestPath(pattern)	Shortest path as a path value